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4.25. Х . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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4.26. Ц . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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4.27. Ч . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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4.28. Э . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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4.29. Я . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Глава 5. Name index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Глава 6. Именной указатель . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Глава 7. Список литературы . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Глава 8. Список литературы . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Глава 1

Preface

According to legend, all people spoke one language. Then they decided to build up the tower of Babel in order to climb up to the sky. To stop project, L-rd confused their languages.

Much water has flowed since then. A lot of different occupations appeared.

Occupation of interpreter is one of the most ancient and important. At the same time this is art.1.1

Lively text contains phraseology, slang. It is hard to translate it one to one.

Translation of sonnets by Shakespeare from English into Russian is very striking example. You can compare translations of sonnets by Shakespeare made by S. J.

Marshak and A. M. Finkel. They are different works of art although original is common.

I use sonnet 90 for the purposes of illustration.

Then hate me when thou wilt; if ever, now;

Now, while the world is bent my deeds to cross,

Join with the spite of fortune, make me bow,

And do not drop in for an after-loss:

Ah! do not, when my heart hath ’scaped this sorrow,

Come in the rearward of a conquered woe;

Give not a windy night a rainy morrow,

To linger out a purposed overthrow.

If thou wilt leave me, do not leave me last,

When other petty griefs have done their spite,

But in the onset come: so shall I taste

At first the very worst of fortune’s might;

And other strains of woe, which now seem woe,

Compared with loss of thee, will not seem so.

Translation by S. J. Marshak.

Уж если ты разлюбишь — так теперь,

Теперь, когда весь мир со мной в раздоре.

Будь самой горькой из моих потерь,

Но только не последней каплей горя!

И если скорбь дано мне превозмочь,

1.1It looks as in spite of this human is not ready to build up new tower of Babel. I believe people should learn to understand each other, no matter what views they may have. Mankind must become mature to get this goal.

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6

1. Preface

Не наноси удара из засады.

Пусть бурная не разрешится ночь

Дождливым утром — утром без отрады.

Оставь меня, но не в последний миг,

Когда от мелких бед я ослабею.

Оставь сейчас, чтоб сразу я постиг,

Что это горе всех невзгод больнее,

Что нет невзгод, а есть одна беда —

Твоей любви лишиться навсегда.

Translation by A. M. Finkel.

Что ж, ненавидь, коль хочешь! Но сейчас,

Сейчас, когда грозит мне злобой небо.

Согни меня, с судьбой объединясь,

Но лишь бы твой удар последним не был.

Ах, если сердцем я осилю зло,

Ему немедля ты явись на смену.

Чтобы за бурной ночью не пришло

С дождями утро, - доверши измену

И уходи! Но только не тогда,

Когда все беды наигрались мною.

Уйди сейчас, чтоб первая беда

Была страшней всех посланных судьбою.

И после жесточайшей из утрат

Другие легче станут во сто крат.

No doubt, to appreciate the difference of these translations at its true value, we need to know well both languages. However I add few notes.

Although both translations describe similar situation in the life, there is one strong difference. Translation by Finkel is foreboding of disaster which is possibly unavoidable. Translation by Marshak is epicenter. Although translations are different, each of them leaves indelible track. Each of translations reflects individual perception of interpreter, his emotional experience. The strength of translations is that Marshak and Finkel are co-authors of Shakespeare.

There exists opinion that it is much easier to translate technical text. Unambiguity of translation of term is one of the reasons. Another reason is existence of set of phrases; using of such phrases make easier realization of the text.

However I do not agree with this point of view. It is not enough to write good theorems for writing of the paper. We expect that somebody reads the paper.

And good style is important here. This is more important when we translate a paper from one language to other. Sometimes it is not easy task to put text into frame prepared in advance. Moreover, any text has emotional color which expresses author’s relationship. In this case we need somebody’s help.

1. Preface

7

Writing papers I frequently use outside assistance during translation. Today we can find such help because of development of software and internet. For instance, you can find a lot of forums on web page

http://forum.lingvo.ru/actualforum.aspx

and somebody in these forums can help you to translate text. I frequently use help of the forum "English-Russian-English translation"